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In this work, the composition of the superfamily Callianassoidea is reassessed and the classification of its included taxa is critically reviewed.The material examined mainly originates from the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen, and comprises samples from the Galathea Expedition 1950-1952, Dr.Th.Mortensen’s expeditions, including the Java-South African Expedition 1929-1930, and Dr.G.Thorson’s Persian expedition.In all, three of the possibly five families currently incorporated in the Callianassoidea, i.e., Callianassidae, Gourretiidae, and Ctenochelidae, with a total of 12 subfamilies, 20 genera, and 219 species, are represented in this comprehensive revision. The status of the various taxa recognized is placed in the broader context of a re-evaluation of the contents of the infraorder Thalassinidea, in which characters derived from the anatomy of the gastric mill may play a pivotal role. The contents of the book are not only of interest for systematists but also for ecologists and environmental biologists focusing on neritic and benthic biocoenoses, as these mud shrimps are important agents in bioturbation processes of the sea floor. Table of Contents Preface Introduction Systematic account of the classification of the infraorder Thalassinidea Latreille, 1831 Superfamily Callianassoidea Dana, 1852 [new sense] Key to families, subfamilies, and genera of the superfamily Callianassoidea Family Callianassidae Dana, 1852 Subfamily Callianassinae Dana, 1852 Genus Callianassa Leach, 1814 Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species Western Atlantic species Eastern Pacific species Indo-Western Pacific species Subfamily Callichirinae Manning & Felder, 1991 Genus Callichirus Stimpson, 1866 Western Atlantic species Eastern Pacific species Indo-Western Pacific species Genus Glypturus Stimpson, 1866 Eastern Atlantic species Western Atlantic species Eastern Pacific species Indo-Western Pacific species Genus Lepidophthalmus Holmes, 1904 Eastern Atlantic-Mediterranean species Western Atlantic species Eastern Pacific species Indo-Western Pacific species Genus Michaelcallianassa Sakai, 2002 Indo-Western Pacific species Genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 Eastern Atlantic species Western Atlantic species Eastern Pacific species Indo-Western Pacific species Species of unknown locality Genus Podocallichirus Sakai, 1999 Eastern Atlantic-Mediterranean species Indo-Western Pacific species Subfamily Eucalliacinae Manning & Felder, 1991 Genus Calliax De Saint Laurent, 1973 Eastern Atlantic-Mediterranean species Western Atlantic species Indo-Western Pacific species Genus Paraglypturus Türkay & Sakai, 1995 Indo-Western Pacific species Subfamily Calliapaguropinae Sakai, 1999 Genus Calliapagurops De Saint Laurent, 1973 Eastern Atlantic species Indo-Western Pacific species Subfamily Anacalliacinae Manning & Felder, 1991 Genus Anacalliax De Saint Laurent, 1973 Eastern Atlantic species Western Atlantic species Subfamily Pseudogourretiinae n subfam Genus Pseudogourretia n gen Indo-Western Pacific species Subfamily Lipkecallianassinae n subfam Genus Lipkecallianassa Sakai, 2002 Subfamily Bathycalliacinae Sakai & Türkay, 1999 Genus Bathycalliax Sakai & Türkay, 1999 Eastern Pacific species Subfamily Paracalliacinae n subfam Genus Paracalliax De Saint Laurent, 1979 Indo-Western Pacific species Family Gourretiidae Sakai, 1999 221 Subfamily Gourretiinae Sakai, 1999 Genus Gourretia De Saint Laurent, 1973 Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species Western Atlantic species Indo-Western Pacific species Genus Laurentgourretia Sakai, 2004 Genus Paragourretia Sakai, 2004 Subfamily Callianopsinae Manning & Felder, 1991 Genus Callianopsis De Saint Laurent, 1973 Western Atlantic species Eastern Pacific species Indo-Western Pacific species Family Ctenochelidae Manning & Felder, 1991 Subfamily Ctenochelinae Manning & Felder, 1991 Genus Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926 Eastern Atlantic species Western Atlantic species Indo-Western Pacific species Acknowledgements References TAXONOMY index