| Abstract |
A revision of the family Trapeziidae Miers, 1886, has shown that it consists of three clades, one of
which is elevated to family status, Tetraliidae fam. nov., for the genera Tetralia Dana, 1851, and
Tetraloides Galil, 1986. The genera Trapezia Latreille, 1828, Calocarcinus Calman, 1909, Hexagonalia
Galil, 1986, Philippicarcinus Garth & Kim, 1983, Quadrella Dana, 1851, and Sphenomerides
Rathbun, 1897, remain in the Trapeziidae; Domecia Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, Jonesius Sankarankutty,
1962, Maldivia Borradaile, 1902, Palmyria Galil & Takeda, 1986, and the fossil genus
Eomaldivia Müller & Collins, 1991, in Domeciidae Ortmann, 1893. Cladistic analysis shows that
Trapeziidae sensu Miers, 1886, consists of three clades that show convergence as a result of similar
habits as symbionts of reef corals and other cnidarians. A list of all recognised genera and species in
the three families and their primary synonyms is provided. Keys are also included for four families
of Brachyura symbiotic with reef corals, and for the genera and species of Domeciidae, Tetraliidae,
and Trapeziidae. Some rare colour figures are reproduced. Three name changes have resulted
within the Tetraliidae: Cancer glaberrimus Herbst, 1790, for Tetralia fulva Serène, 1984, and Cancer
mutus Linnaeus, 1758, for Tetralia armata Dana, 1852, and Tetralia vanninii Galil & Clark,
1988. Nomenclatural problems associated with the repeated use of "forma typica" for various species
of Trapezia and Tetralia are resolved. To stabilise the nomenclature of a number of well-known
species, neotypes are designated for 13 species of Trapeziidae for which type material is not extant:
Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, 1801), and its three synonyms (Trapezia dentifrons Latreille, 1828,
Trapezia dentata var. subintegra Dana, 1852, Trapezia cymodoce var. ornatus Chen, 1933); Trapezia
bidentata (Forskål, 1775), and one of its synonyms (Trapezia ferruginea Latreille, 1828); Trapezia
digitalis Latreille, 1828, and one of its synonyms (Trapezia nigrofusca Stimpson, 1858);
Trapezia septata Dana, 1852, and one of its synonyms (Trapezia reticulata Stimpson, 1858); Trapezia
areolata Dana, 1852; Trapezia bella Dana, 1852; and Trapezia speciosa Dana, 1852. Neotypes
are also designated for seven species of Tetraliidae: Tetralia glaberrima (Herbst, 1790), and three
synonyms (Trapezia integra Latreille, 1828, Trapezia serratifrons Jacquinot, 1846, Tetralia laevissima
Stimpson, 1858); Tetralia muta (Linnaeus, 1758), and one of its synonyms (Tetralia armata
Dana, 1852); and Tetraloides nigrifrons (Dana, 1852).
Key words: Crustacea, Brachyura, revision, new family, Trapeziidae, Domeciidae, Tetraliidae fam.
nov., cladistics, coral symbionts, keys |
